1. Effect of speed on safety

• Risk as a function of car impact speed- different curves. Perhaps overstated a bit in the past. Slope is the important thing.
• NZ Crash Analysis System (CAS) data 2005-2010- needs more work but same pattern for higher speeds.
• User factors- age, gender. Hazard perception, risk acceptance
• Vehicle factors
• Road/ environment factors- density, weather, road condition, lighting; speed limits, enforcement; lane widths, sight distances; traffic management/calming devices

2. Speed limits

Balance between: safety, efficiency, encouragement of active transport modes, preservation of amenity

Must be: credible, consitently applied, clear

Good practices:

• Limits appropriate to road function
• Adequate length
• Regular signposting
• Don't apply to compensate for hazards
• Is it really the limit that needs changing?

Survivable speed limits

• Match limits and roads, based on survivability and potential damage
• Pedestrians/cyclists: 30 km/h
• side-on crashes: 50 km/h
• head-on crashes:70 km/h
• fully protected from above dangers: 90 km/h +

Setting of speed limits rule 2003

• All RCAs responsible for setting limits on their roads (was central government via LTSA under various acts)
• All existing limits transferred into a new local Bylaw by 2009- recorded in Speed Limits Register (online)
• Default urban 50 km/h, rural 100 km/h- all others specifically noted
• Can set in multiples of 10 km/h.  And holiday/temporary/variable limits (e.g. School zones; motorway)
• Set procedures for determining/ setting limits

NZ process for setting speed limits:

• Consider mean etc. operating speeds, developments, characteristics etc.
• Rating tables- development, roadway- also for cyclists, parking, traffic controls and land use
• Existing usage only- doesn't look at potential usage
• Then calculate speed limit- tally up points- flowchart.  But some discretion possible to set lower speeds in some cases.
• Any scope for revisiting methodology- is conservative? ('lethal/ irresponsible'?)

Rural speed zones- limit set for operating conditions/characteristics- lower than 100 km/h (e.g. Kaikoura coast)- usually no less than 10 km long. Criteria: width, shoulders, median barriers, straight, speeds generally used. Various trial sites at present.

40 km/h school zones- Christchurch had the first (2000).  Variable- lowered to 40 km/h at start/end of school day. Need >50 kids on roadside.  Mean traffic speeds > 45 km/h, or 85% > 50 km/h, or speed-related crashes in last 5 years.   Use variable display flashing signs. Encourage some police enforcement. See NZTA Traffic Note 37 for more. Should push for some 30 km/h zones?

Can use 10-40 km/h limits when rating = 50 km/h. School. residential, shared zones (malls, carparks etc.)  Only for local/ minor collector roads.  Mean speeds within 5 km/h of limit. Little guidance on using these.

Sometimes encounter the 'our hands are tied' response- not true.  Can depart from calculated limit if certain conditions apply- but fairly vague. You need good evidence to support a different speed limit.

Consultation- still have to do it even if the setting process is done. Who is consulted?   local communities, police, AA, RTF, 'any other organisation' (are you on the list?)

3. Common responses to lower speeds

• Longer travel times: negligible compared with intersections.   Trading some mobiliity for big gain in safety/ sustainability.
• Already going slower than limit: so reinforce that true limit.  Also sends a clear message to walkers and cyclists.
• Public don't want them- depends who you ask- people who live there?
• Traffic will still go faster than limit- may have to do traffic management to get speeds down. May also save cost on e.g. cycle lanes.
• "This is not Europe": we're all humans.  Crashes have the same effect at high speeds everywhere.
• Problems: street length (visual/ physical), width (perceived/ actual), smooth surfacing
• Effect of geometry on speeds- TRL report 2007. Speed vs. visibility.

4. Devices

• Perimiter treatments-narrowing, signage, islands etc.
• Speed treatments, surfacing.
• Initiatives- "self explaining roads" in Auckland.  Hamilton's 30 km/h CBD zone.  Wellington's 30 km/h shopping streets. Christchurch's calmed neighbourhood clusters.

5. Where to find more help

• CAN website
• CAN technical team: technical@can.org.nz
• More online guidance soon?

6. Conclusions

• Speed is still a problem
• Setting limits is now easier
• There are a number of tools- under-used in NZ
• Do we fit road to limit or vice-versa?

Homework: think about suitable locations for :

• lower rural limit
• lower arterial limit
• lower residential limit
• lower CBD retail limit

• Would changing limit work by itself?
• Are engineering treatments be needed too?
• Who would you contact?

Presented by: Carl Whittleston, New Plymouth District Council

What is a Model Community?  Targeted funding- lead travel behaviour change, improved trasport choices

Why apply to be one?

• 20 year history in New Plymouth of developing cycle lanes, CBD development etc.
• Coastal walkway/cycleway
• Missed out on national cycleway fund
• stirrers in the staffroom
• leadership and pride

Successful proposal:

• multidiscplinary team, pick from high level
• designers, wordsmiths, communications etc.
• let them to do their thing well
• coordinate

New Plymouth vision: residents choose walking and cycling.

Build in the Three E's:

• Engineering- e.g. up stream valleys to connect to path on coast
• Education- skills training. Captain Car Door (Nathaniel) etc.
• Encouragement- bike festival, car free days, school gate projects, travel planning, surveys, modal maps, movement website

Investment- $5.4 million on infrastructure. Community programmes $1.17M.

Branding- Let's Go (walk, ride, bus) -'ride' includes skates, scooters etc.

What now: consultation on some projects, creating 40 km/h zones, Frocks on Bikes, accessways, cycle lanes, school engagement for skill training, school gate projects, meetings for overall planning for skills and travel planning, project planning for website development

Events: Big Bike Fixup was huge.

Walkability improvements- Model Communities has helped.

Work vehicles- 'pace cars'. Different 'Share the Road' branding- not Let's Go.

Shared space- communities involved in redesigning streets.

Lessons- form a strong team. Take time to explain. Don't discount or delay enthusiasm, project plans or consultation. Be very aware of people and relationships. Sometimes pays to check own aproach- find a mentor.

Enthusiasm from the mayor down was critical in why it happened in New Plymouth.

Proposal- emphasise economic benefits (mostly health).

Would a bigger budget have helped? No, practicality of building stuff limited things.

How to do something similar in communities where it's hard? Get out, talk, sell the idea. Others will look at existing Model Communities.

What can CAN/NTCA do? Events, skills training.

Do bikeshops have suitable bikes? No, not yet.

Presented by: Duncan Forbes, Bikerakk

• Aiming to design the best bike stand in the world
• Perfect form and function of bike stand
• Bike parking rack designed to not chip paint or damage bikes
• Recycled car rubber sprayed onto steel frame
• Made from steel pipes welded together
• Very durable
• Could be $1500
• Could "book-end" existing bike stands

Presented by: Stu Kilmister (walkways, cycleways and bridleways planner, Kapiti Coast District Council) and John Baldwin (Kapiti Cycling)

• Town Centre Upgrades - Paekakariki, Paraparaumu
• McLean St raised intersection didn't work. Hump too shallow (ramp should be 100 mm, not 50 mm)
• Signed at 30 km/h
• Otaki next township to be done
• Otaki Main Street design has angle parking; reverse-in angle parking considered but rejected
• Needed to buy land for some links (near Paekakariki)
• Quite a few off-road links
• Otaihanga Rd shared path resulted in cyclists having to switch sides
• Doing cycle and pedestrian counts
• Kapiti Rd 59,000 cyclists per year
• 600 to 700 per day crossing Waikanae River
• Te Arawai Footbridge cost $240,000 (about 65 m long)
• Paths 20 mm compacted gravel - looks like asphalt but gets a bit rougher over time (argillite)
• Campbell's Mill Rd old forestry road now multi-use track (including horses and pedestrians)
• Off-road much easier than on-road (procedurally)
• Trying to get path through Queen Elizabeth Park - just need funding
• Advice to advocates - get on side with your elected members; show a united voice.

Presented by: Amy Taylor (BikeNZ)

BikeNZ's "Whole of Bike Plan".

• "More people riding - more often"
• Cycling declining amongst children
• Has a vision of: creating a strong cycling culture in NZ; building capability within our communities, riding at all levels (not just elite); creating champions
• Keen to get cycling amongst kids
• Learn to ride initiatives (kids only; 6 to 12 year-olds)
• BikeNZ Development; Sport; Performance: Amy works on Development programme
• Coaching, regional network and sustainable future (trying to tap into recreational market)
• Has a coaching pathway for different levels of cycling skills (right up to elite)
• "Rotorua In Gear" pilot taught 400+ kids learn to ride skills in 5 week programme
• Not a huge focus on converting recreational cycling into utilitarian
• Looking for more communication between BikeNZ and CAN
• Only $70,000 per year for Development; $4.5 M for Performance
• "Dads and Lads" programme; but acknowledged that mothers often make the decisions about whether kids get to ride to school

Presented by: Paul McArdle (Bike On)

Targets:

• Increase walking and cycling by 8% per year
• Modal share 20% by 2020
• Hastings to be an outstanding example to the rest of NZ

• Not just infrastructure- need to win hearts and minds (this is the biggest challenge)
• Walking and cycling to work, fun, shop, school (most emphasis on schools)
• Strength of bid- strong team, lots of overseas experience
• Irresistible Hastings (DVD)
• Don't want to be seen as anti-car
• Differences between school deciles- low deciles: no "cotton wool", no fear
• Hook into DHBs- go talk to them; John Key opening St Marys track probably helped. Importance of leadership.

Cycle Action Waiheke

Presented by: Tom Ransom, Cycle Action Waiheke

• The group works with whoever will listen to them! Have had success with a local roading engineer.
• Didn't get National Cycleway funding, but the process brought a lot of people on board with the idea (e.g. engineers, Fullers Ferries).
• Map of cycling in Waiheke being launched, funded by Fullers, who are also putting a safety message on the back of buses. They are keen on bike racks on buses.
• Links with businesses are fruitful, and Cycle Action Waiheke have been making the most of last year's CAN Award to Fullers.
• Did adult cycle skills training with Patrick Morgan.
• There is pressure for a local one-lane gravel coastal road to either be upgraded as a road or made car-free, and public opinion is slightly favouring the latter.

Cycle Aware Manawatu

Presented by: Julie Dalziel, Cycle Aware Manawatu

• Has been working on cycling training, and developed relationship with Sport Manawatu. Have done instructor training, and adult skills training, with funding from Sport Manawatu, an environment trust, and CAN.
• Made submissions, particularly on the Regional Transport Strategy.  Cycle Aware Manawatu heard the cycling funding had been cut from the Draft Annual Plan after NZTA money was reduced, so they turned up at the council meeting and lots of cycling items were put back in - councillors found new ways to do things more cheaply.
• Having meetings in a cafe, and advertising them in the local paper.
• A local frustration is Te Awe Awe Street, where the solution may be to use an off-road path.
• Future: doing more cycle skills training which will be managed by the Regional Council; becoming incorporated; and updating their website.

Spokes Dunedin

Presented by: Hank Weiss, Spokes Dunedin

• Involved in Regional Land Transport Strategy review (waste of time: they did what they wanted to), and the Otago Regional Council stocktake.
• Also the North Dunedin Neighborhood Accessibility Plan (involved at early stage, which was good), and Dunedin cycling review (following on from the City Cycling Plan, which achieved none of its objectives).
• Dunedin has a 30 km/hr area in the central city.
• Spokes Dunedin are promoting e-bikes.
• In April, were involved in webinar, which linked with Portland, Oregon - great opportunity to get people together, and then discuss the issues afterwards.
• Had a visit from Martin Wedderburn (about good street design) and Alistair Woodward (his presentation is on-line, generated good discussion).
• Local issue about John Wilson Memorial Drive, deciding whether to re-open it to cars or not.
• Did a 'harbour hazard' ride, to highlight the problem areas.
• Have links to the Tunnels Trail - see it as part of encouraging more people to ride.
• Dealing with university campus cycling ban (caused by cyclist-pedestrian crash).
• Future: campus cycleway ride (partnering with new people, e.g. environmental society); webinar in March; e-bike publicity; training in 'complete streets' programme.

Cycle Action Whakatane

Presented by: Pip Wonacott, Cycle Action Whakatane

• The local council sent Pip to this CAN Do.
• The group maintains a website.
• In Bike Wise Week they showed a couple of biking films.
• Make submissions to council - their transport department thinks people are too lazy to cycle!
• There are good regional plans, but they don't seem to communicate the plans to the consultants who do the work.
• The Opotiki section of the National Cycleway is happening.

Hutt Cycle Action

Presented by: Stu Edwards, Hutt Cycle Action

• It has been great having the CAN Do in their region - it put the new mayor on the spot!
• The group is a recent splinter from Cycle Aware Wellington.

Whanganui Green Bikes

Presented by: Jonah Marinovich, Whanganui Green Bikes

• Recently lost the bulk of their funding (from Lotteries, centred around involvement of the community).
• See themselves as doing advocacy by fixing up bikes for people.
• Held a 'ghost bike' rally for the German tourist who was killed by a truck driver.
• Still dealing with the follow-up, e.g. with coroner. Her relatives were pleased that locals cared.
• Held a Raleigh 20 rally in conjunction with the local museum - a fun community bike ride.
• Have some funding to do cycle skills training in schools.

Cycle Action Auckland

Presented by: Barb Cuthbert, Cycle Action Auckland

• Have a new mayor and are a super-city now.
• Held a think-tank last year to plan, and ideas from that have fed into this year's activities.
• Barb Insull in now on the BikeNZ Board.
• Has been a year of events - seem to have been endlessly going to openings!
• Cycle Action Auckland has a committee of 12-14, have one person who just writes submissions.
• Working with Fullers on bike maps for all areas the ferries go to.
• Holding Bike Wise month a month early to get people riding longer. This year there has been a 27% increase in cycling in the region, and 40% increase in the city.
• Held a team meeting about cycling as urban design, which was very successful and has an ongoing role.
• Holding a Cyclovia (cycle street) event before Xmas.
• The Cycle Chic event (Frocks On Bikes) was funded by CAAuckland.

Presented by: Andrew Macbeth (CAN, ViaStrada)

• Velo City conference June 2010 in Copenhagen- 1000 attendees (4 Kiwis), 60 countries
• Copenhagen- 37% work/school trips by bike, 55% female, women/children cycling- indicator; young and old
• Jan Gehl delivered the keynote address. Cargo bikes. Not all streets have cycle tracks- but do have lower speeds.
• Copenhagen land use planning- dense (<6 stories), sustainable transport, focus on brownfield development, private and public bike parking required.
• Carlsberg brewery- redevelopment putting in 5000 residents, 3000 jobs, retain key historic bldgs. 33 ha site 3 km from CBD.
• Public spaces- used for events, civic life, chance encounters.
• Future plans- cycling in central part, ticks all the boxes.
• Was car-dominated in 1970s too.  Then came the oil shocks- decided to lessen oil dependence. We can learn from this.
• Sustainable urban design- not only designers, planners, architects, landscape architects; but also traffic engineers, surveyors, developers, health professionals, politicians, public, walking & cycling advocates.
• Cycling- lever for sustainable urban design- integration.
• Sustainable transport- walking & cycling, public transport, travel demand management.  Key part of sustainable planning & urban design.
• In NZ- heavy rail (Akl, Wgtn), light rail, bus, walking & cycling (low cost).
• Streets- under-used urban design asset. Significant proportion of public space.
• Improve quality of life. Reduce traffic volumes and speeds; and parking. Encourage walking & cycling, kids playing.  Add vegetation, seats, shelter, signs, art. Needs leadership (technical and political).
• Applications for NZ- provide more segregated bike facilities; increase permeability for walking & cycling in centres; use district plans to control sprawl (opportunities to influence now during review process), increase cycle parking, decrease car parking.
• Conclusions- need to integrate transport, planning and urban design; cycling as a core component; all of us involved in great urban design; demonstrate leadership- push the envelope; Denmark started 40 years ago- take small steps, just do it.
• Not just Copenhagen- some good examples in NZ, Melbourne and elsewhere.
• NZ Urban Design Protocol- most elected members/ staff in council may not know about it. CAN needs to redo our own urban design action plan. Dirk to help Andrew.

Presented by: Stephen Blyth

The purpose of this session is to help people to get the most out of CAN's website.

The CAN website fits in a network of other sites- where does it fit?

Have set up a "Sand pit" group on the webiste- just for learning how to use the site.

Discussion of what's working:

• Made home page; bookmarks; recent posts
• finding CAN
• info on how to do things- local groups, submissions
• supporting committee- repository of docs, photos
• communication with others, with history
• can do live minutes
• renewal for members
• collaborative planning for Chainlinks
• quick response from other members via forums
• events calendar- knowing what's coming up
• contact point
• public face
• legitimacy- being part of a network (for small groups)

How can the CAN website support your local group?
Do you need it if you also have a Facebook group?   Yes- they serve different purposes.  Facebook can be good for last-minute notification of events, not document repository etc.  Facebook goes to you- for CAN website, you have to go to it.

Options for getting notification of new content on the CAN website:

• Email notifying new content. Configure via My Account.
• Can cancel them all if you don't want them.
• RSS, My Recent
• Can select 'Do not notify' when creating content.

Creating content

• e.g. Create content- article
• Create title and body; save (3 steps)
• Can go back to edit. Can include photo, fix formatting etc., add log message, attach files
• Gets added automatically to the group page.
• Good to have a descriptive title. Can also use tags.
• Book 'Writing for the Web'- Rachel McAlpine

CAN website also has FAQs and tutorials to help learn how to use it.

Questions: (to be answered via Sand Pit group) how to:

• set default settings for notifications
• make text/ subject lines for notifications more specific
• deal with forgotten username/ password
• paste from word processors
• set availability of e.g. local group documents content type for all users
• upload/ use photos
• put up 'sticky' articles