<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Ball</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ward, M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">L Thornley</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R Quigley</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applying health impact assessment to land transport planning</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Zealand Transport Agency</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">impact assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">public health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transport planning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05/2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://can.org.nz/system/files/375.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quigley and Watts Ltd</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-0-478-34625-1</style></isbn><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;h2&gt;Background  &lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
Transport decisions have major impacts on the wellbeing of current and future generations. &lt;br /&gt;
The effects of transport on public health and wellbeing may be direct or indirect, positive or &lt;br /&gt;
negative, intended or unintended, and immediate or long term. The NZTS 2008 outlines five &lt;br /&gt;
strategic objectives for the transport sector and one of these is ‘protecting and promoting &lt;br /&gt;
public health’.  
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
HIA is a widely used process internationally that investigates the potential health and &lt;br /&gt;
wellbeing implications of a proposed project, plan or policy. It offers a mix of procedures, &lt;br /&gt;
methods and tools by which to judge a proposal’s anticipated effects on the health of a &lt;br /&gt;
population, and the distribution of those effects within a population. It has been widely used &lt;br /&gt;
overseas in transport planning and is increasingly being used in New Zealand with initial &lt;br /&gt;
application mostly in urban planning. The aim of HIA is to inform decision makers about the &lt;br /&gt;
likely positive and negative effects of a proposal on public health and on health inequalities &lt;br /&gt;
in order to avoid unintended consequences and to make informed decisions. HIA is underpinned by a social model of health. This understanding of health is similar to everyday  concepts of wellbeing or quality of life and incorporates a wide range of ‘determinants’ or &lt;br /&gt;
factors that help people stay well or increase their risk of becoming ill.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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