<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>46</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D. L. Robinson</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changes in head injury with the New Zealand bicycle helmet law </style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">not available in CAN library</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6V5S-43GBWNW-G&amp;_user=10&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_fmt=&amp;_orig=search&amp;_sort=d&amp;view=c&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=a7aa15693ac2dea0da84af91511377b9</style></url></web-urls></urls><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It was claimed that the bicycle helmet law in New Zealand reduced head
injuries to adult cyclists by 28% (Povey, L.J., Frith, W.J., Graham,
P.G., 1999. Cycle helmet effectiveness in New Zealand. Accident
Analysis and Prevention 31, 763–770). However, the pre-law increase in
adults wearing helmets (from 30% in 1990 to 43% in 1993) was
accompanied by a fall of 45 head injuries per 100 limb injuries (i.e.
−3.47 for every 1% increase in helmet wearing) compared with a fall of
11 when wearing increased from 43 to 93% with the law (−0.23 for every
1% increase in wearing). Unless voluntary wearing is 15 times more
effective in reducing head injuries, it seems likely that the apparent
effects (as described by Povey et al., 1999) were an artefact caused by
failure to fit time trends in their model. Such inconsistency of
effects over periods of substantial change compared with periods of
little change in helmet wearing may be a useful indicator of the
presence of trends. Because the large increases in wearing with helmet
laws have not resulted in any obvious change over and above existing
trends, helmet laws and major helmet promotion campaigns are likely to
prove less beneficial and less cost effective than proven road-safety
measures, such as enforcement of speed limits and drink-driving laws,
education of motorists and cyclists and treatment of accident black
spots and known hazards for cyclists.
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